Diabetes and Cholesterol Metabolism

Diabetic Nephropathy-Treatment and Care

High blood glucose, also called blood sugar, can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys. When the blood vessels get damaged, they don’t work properly so that many people with diabetes develop high blood pressure, which can damage kidneys. Diabetic kidney disease is defined as macro albuminuria (albumin to creatinine ratio [ACR] >35 mg/mmol [400 mg/g]), or micro albuminuria (ACR 3.5-35.0 mg/mmol [35-400 mg/g]) associated with retinopathy (type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes) and/or >11 years' duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The terms 'moderately inflated symptom' and 'severely inflated symptom' measure currently oftentimes used rather than micro albuminuria & macro albuminuria. In most patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease can be attributable to diabetes mellitus if these criteria are met. Other causes of diabetic kidney diseases should be considered in the presence of any of the following circumstances: rapidly decreasing GFR, absence of diabetic retinopathy, presence of active urinary sediment, or signs or symptoms of other systemic disease. The diagnosis is most of the time conclusively made by kidney biopsy, though it is rarely necessary.