Cholesterol Metabolism

Cholesterol is an important lipid for mammalian cells and its homeostasis is strongly regulated. Any disturbance in homeostasis of cellular cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis. High levels of glucose, fat, and cholesterol in the blood can lead to atherosclerosis, vessel dysfunction and blocked blood flow, the principal mechanism for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs comprise stroke, heart attack and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among others.  A high level of cholesterol in blood leads to Hypercholesterolemia and people with hypercholesterolemia have more chances of developing coronary artery disease.  Presence of very low levels of cholesterol in blood leads to hypocholesterolemia. This can be due to decreased liver function, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, intestinal loss, Addison’s-like disease